Refactoring - Preventative Maintenance

Definition of Refactoring

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What is refactoring?

The process of making improvements to a program to slow down structural degradation through change, without adding new functionality

The process of porting a system to run on a completely different hardware platform

The process of permanently deleting unused code without any structural improvement

The process of adding entirely new features to a system to meet changing customer demands

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Refactoring as Preventative Maintenance

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Why can refactoring be thought of as 'preventative maintenance'?

Because it is performed exclusively by doctors hired as software consultants

Because it is only ever performed once, immediately before a system is permanently retired

Because it prevents any future changes from ever being made to the system

Because it reduces the problems of future change by addressing structural issues before they become severe

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Refactoring Is Not Limited to Object-Oriented Development

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True or False: Although refactoring is sometimes considered to be limited to object-oriented development, the underlying principles can in fact be applied to any development approach.

True

False

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Refactoring and Agile Methods

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Why is refactoring described as an inherent part of agile methods?

Agile teams refactor code only after the software has been officially retired

Agile methods legally require refactoring to be performed exactly once per year

Agile methods are based on continuous change, so program quality can degrade quickly without frequent refactoring to counteract this

Refactoring was invented specifically to replace all forms of testing in agile teams

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Regression Testing and Refactoring Safety

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How does an emphasis on regression testing in agile methods help reduce the risk of refactoring?

Regression testing eliminates the need to ever check whether refactored code still works

Regression testing automatically fixes any errors introduced during refactoring without human intervention

Regression testing is only relevant to hardware changes, not code refactoring

Errors introduced through refactoring should be detectable because previously successful tests would then fail

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Refactoring 'Bad Smells'

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Match each refactoring 'bad smell' to its correct description.

To complete the line match

Click on an item in the first group
Click on the match in the second group

To delete a match, double click on a line

Bad smell

Switch (case) statements

Duplicate code

Speculative generality

Long methods

Data clumping

Description

The same or similar code appears in multiple places and could be extracted into a single reusable method

Statements scattered around a program that depend on a value's type, often replaceable with polymorphism

A method that is too long and should be redesigned as several shorter methods

The same group of data items reoccurs in several places and could be replaced with an encapsulating object

Generality is included in a program in case it is needed in the future, but can usually simply be removed

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Polymorphism as a Refactoring Solution

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In object-oriented languages, what technique can often replace scattered switch (case) statements that depend on an object's type?

Polymorphism, where different subclasses provide their own implementation of a common operation

Converting all switch statements into global variables

Removing all conditional logic from the entire program permanently

Increasing the number of switch statements to make the logic more explicit

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Primitive Refactoring Transformations

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Which of the following are examples of primitive refactoring transformations that can be used singly or together to address bad smells? Select all that apply.

Encrypt method - converting all method names into randomized strings

Consolidate conditional expression - replacing a sequence of tests with a single test

Pull up method - replacing similar methods in subclasses with one method in a superclass

Extract method - removing duplication by creating a new shared method

Delete project - permanently removing the entire codebase

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IDE Support for Refactoring

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How do interactive development environments such as modern code editors typically support the refactoring process?

They automatically rewrite the entire system architecture without any developer input

They prevent developers from ever modifying code that has already been refactored once

They only support refactoring for systems written in assembly language

They include refactoring support in their editors, making it easier to find dependent parts of a program that need to change

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When Code Cannot Simply Be Refactored

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What might be necessary if you take over a program for maintenance whose structure has been significantly degraded, beyond what simple code-level refactoring can fix?

Design refactoring, which involves identifying relevant design patterns and replacing existing code with code that implements them

Switching the entire team to a completely unrelated project

Immediately abandoning the project with no further action

Disabling all version control history for the project

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Reengineering vs. Refactoring - Key Difference

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Match each statement to whether it describes reengineering or refactoring.

drag and drop the selected option to the right place

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Definition of Refactoring

Correct Answer

Explanation

Refactoring as Preventative Maintenance

Correct Answer

Explanation

Refactoring Is Not Limited to Object-Oriented Development

Correct Answer

Explanation

Refactoring and Agile Methods

Correct Answer

Explanation

Regression Testing and Refactoring Safety

Correct Answer

Explanation

Refactoring 'Bad Smells'

Bad smell

Description

Correct Answer

Explanation

Polymorphism as a Refactoring Solution

Correct Answer

Explanation

Primitive Refactoring Transformations

Correct Answer

Explanation

IDE Support for Refactoring

Correct Answer

Explanation

When Code Cannot Simply Be Refactored

Correct Answer

Explanation

Reengineering vs. Refactoring - Key Difference

drag and drop the selected option to the right place

Correct Answer

Explanation

Quran Recitation

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