Atomic Theory

The smallest piece of an element that maintains the ________ of that element is called an atom

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shape

identity

look

length

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Individual atoms can be seen to the naked eyes

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False

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It would take millions of atoms to make a line which visible and measurable

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modern atomic theory founder

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The concept that atoms play a fundamental role in chemistry is formalized by the modern atomic theory, first stated by John Dalton, an English scientist, in 1808.

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The modern atomic theory consists of

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All matter is composed of atoms

Atoms of the same element are the same; atoms of different elements are different

Atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds

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The word atom comes from a Greek word that means indivisible

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False

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Atoms are composed of smaller parts called

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atomic particles

subatomic particles

super atomic particles

particles

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The subatomic parts inside the atoms are

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electron

proton

neutron

ziatron

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Assign symbols often used to each subatomic particle

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(1) electron
(2) proton
(3) neutron

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p⁺

n⁰

e^-

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A proton is larger in size (more massive) than electron

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False

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The neutron is a subatomic particle with about the same mass as a proton

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Properties of the Three Subatomic Particles

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Read the table and assign the name based on properties

Name	Symbol	Mass (approx; kg)	charge
(1)	p⁺	1.6 x 10^-27	1+
(2)	n, n⁰	1.6 x 10^-27	none
(3)	e^-	9.1 x 10^-31	1-

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Proton

Electron

Neutron

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Sub-particles in the atom are arranged at random

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Experiments by Ernest Rutherford in England in the 1910s pointed to a nuclear model of the atom

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Atom structure and behavior

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The relatively massive protons and neutrons are collected in the (1) of an atom, in a region called the (2) of the atom (plural nuclei). The electrons are (3) the nucleus and spend their time (4) in space about the (5)

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center

nucleus

outside

inside

orbiting

doing nothing

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The modern atomic theory

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The modern atomic theory states that atoms of one element and different elements are the same

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What makes atoms of different elements different?

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The fundamental characteristic that all atoms of the same element share is the number of (1)

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protons

neutrons

electrons

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Different atoms of hydrogen have one or more than one proton in the nucleus

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False

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All atoms of iron have 26 protons in the nucleus

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Hydrogen and iron atomic numbers

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Hydrogen has an atomic number of (1), while iron has an atomic number of (2)

(type in numbers only)

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Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons

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Hydrogen deuterium and tritium

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Most hydrogen atoms have a (1) proton in their nucleus. However, a small number (about one in a million) of hydrogen atoms have a proton and a neutron in their nuclei. This particular isotope of hydrogen is called (2). A very rare form of hydrogen has one proton and two neutrons in the nucleus; this isotope of hydrogen is called (3).

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single

two

deuterium

tritium

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Overall charge

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Neutral atoms have the same number of (1) as they have (2), so their overall charge is (3)

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electrons

protons

neutrons

zero

one

two

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A tiny subatomic particle with a negative charge is called _______

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Missing

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A subatomic particle with a positive charge is called _______

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A subatomic particle with no charge is called _________

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The model of an atom that has the protons and neutrons in a central nucleus with the electrons in orbit about the nucleus

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nuclear model

proton model

neutron model

electron model

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The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons is called _______

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Missing

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The number of protons in an atom is called _________

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proton number

atomic number

nucleus number

heavy number

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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called __________

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Missing

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The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is called __________ of the isotope

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total number

weight number

mass number

key number

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What are the atomic number and the mass number of carbon atoms?

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The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their nuclei. What are the atomic number and the mass number of these carbon atoms?

Atomic number = (1)

Mass number = (2)

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What are the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope of uranium?

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An isotope of uranium has an atomic number of 92 and a mass number of 235. What are the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of this atom?

Number of protons = (1)
Number of neutrons = (2)

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What are the atomic number and the mass number of a tin atom?

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The number of protons in the nucleus of a tin atom is 50, while the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 68. What are the atomic number and the mass number of this isotope?

Atomic number = (1)
Mass number = (2)

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An _ __ is one- or two-letter representation of the name of an element

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two words are missing

Missing

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Atomic symbol conventions

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By convention, the first letter of an element’s symbol is always (1), while the second letter (if present) is (2)

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capitalized

lowercase

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The elements are grouped together in a special chart called the _ __

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Two words are missing

Missing

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The elements on the periodic table are listed in order of ________ atomic number

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ascending

descending

no order

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You can use the periodic table to immediately identify metals and nonmetals

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Metals are in the upper right corner of the periodic table

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There is an easy way to represent isotopes using the atomic symbols

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We use the construction

A X

Z

A	X
Z

where (1) is the symbol of the element, (2) is the mass number, and (3) is the atomic number.

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X

A

Z

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For the isotope of carbon that has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, the symbol is

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\(^{6}_{6}\text{U}\)

\(^{12}_{6}\text{U}\)

\(^{6}_{12}\text{U}\)

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What is the symbol for an isotope of uranium that has an atomic number of 92 and a mass number of 235?

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\(^{92}_{92}\text{U}\)

\(^{235}_{92}\text{U}\)

\(^{92}_{235}\text{U}\)

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How many protons and neutrons are in the iron atom

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56 Fe

26

56	Fe
26

This iron atom has (1) protons and (2) neutrons

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It is common to state the mass number after the name of an element to indicate a particular isotope

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Carbon-12 represents an isotope of carbon with 6 (1) and 6 (2), while uranium-238 is an isotope of uranium that has 146 (3)

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protons

neutrons

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